Paints

INTRODUCTION

-Paints are mixture of pigments and binders generally available in liquid state.

-The pigments provide the paint with its colour and opacity.

-The pigment powder is broken down into individual particles which are coated by and dispersed in a binder (resin).

PURPOSE OF PAINTING

To protect the surfaces from atmospheric influences and to preserve them from the decay, oxidation and corrosion.

▸ To improve the appearance of surfaces.

To facilitate the cleaning of surfaces.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAINTS 

 1. Aluminium paints 

-Aluminum paints are made by mixing finely ground Aluminum with spirit or oil varnishes

-This type of paint is used for painting wood works, metallic surface etc.

 

2. Asbestos paints 

▸ Asbestos paint is a special purpose paint which is made of fibrous asbestos.

 ▸ It is used for covering leakage in metal roofs, for patch works, for protecting surfaces from acid gases and steam.

 

3. Anti-corrosive paints 

-Anti-corrosive paints are used to resist corrosion. 

-This type of paint is widely used for metal surfaces like pipe, external structures which may allowed nature etc.

 4. Bituminous paints 

-Bituminous paints are obtained by dissolving tar or asphalt in petroleum or white spirit

-Bituminous paints are used for metal structures in under water conditions, iron pipes carrying water.

 5. Cement based paints 

▸ These paints contain cement, accelerator, pigment and other additives.

▸ Cement based paint is water proof and can be applied in internal or external surfaces.

 6. Synthetic rubber paints 

•Synthetic rubber paints are made by dissolving synthetic resins in the suitable solvents.

•This type of paint is widely used on cement concrete surfaces like concrete walls etc.

 7. Silicate paints 

•Silicate paint is a mixture of silica and resinous substances.

•This type of paint can be used in hot conditions and for metal structures.

 8. Graphite paints 

•Graphite paint is made of graphite which is in black color.

•It is used for painting underground structures like mines etc.

 9. Plastic paints 

•Plastic paints contain plastic as the base.

•They are used for coating walls, slabs, decks etc.

 10. Casein paints 

•It is available in powder form or paste form.

•Casein paints are used for coating walls, ceilings, wood works etc.

 11. Cellulose paints 

•They are made of celluloid sheets, nitrogen-cotton, amyl acetate and photographic films.

•It is very costly and only used for painting aircrafts, motor cars etc.

 12. Enamel paints 

•The main constituents of enamel paints are metallic oxide, petroleum spirit, oil and resinous matter.

•They are widely used for painting doors, windows, stairs, decks etc.

 13. Emulsion paints 

•Emulsion paints have good alkali resistant properties.

•This type of paint can be used for all masonry works especially for stucco plaster brick works which contains free alkali.

 14. Bronze paints 

•Bronze paints are reflective paints which are widely used on radiators.

 15. Colloidal paints 

•Colloidal paints do not contain any type of inert materials.

•When it is applied on the surface, it settles and penetrates through the body of surface.

 16. Oil paints.

•General base constituents used for making oil paints are white lead, zinc white, lithopone, red lead and titanium oxide.

•This type of paints can be applied for walls, doors, windows, metal structures etc.

CIVIL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

 

INTRODUCTION :- 

CIVIL ENGINEERING IS A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING Discipline that deal with the , designing , construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public work such as roads , bridges,  dam, airport, canals,  sewerage system,  pipelines, structural components of building and railway, etc. 

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 

1. What are the steps involved in Building Construction?

Ans:-  

-EXCAVATION 

-PCC

-FOOTING FOUNDATION

-PLINTH BEAM

-EARTH FILLING IN PLINTH

-DPC

-COLUMN CONSTRUCTION 

-BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION 

-STAIR CASTING

-BEAM AND SLAB CASTING

-FLOORING

-PLASTERING 

-POINTING AND FINISHING 

-ELECTRICAL FITTING

-PLUMBING FITTING

-PAINTING WORK

Etc.

2. How do you measure the volume of concrete?

Ans:- The volume of concrete is calculated by 

         = Length × width × thickness 

For ex. 1m×1m×1m =1m³

The volume of concrete is 1m³.

3. Why concrete cover is provided to reinforcement?

Ans:- To protect the rebar against corrosion and to provide resistance against fire.

4. Theodolite is an instrument used for

Ans:- Measurement of vertical angles only.

5. Weight of one cement bag

Ans:- 50kg 

6. Density of cement 

Ans:- 1440kg/m³

7. Why we need pile foundation?

Ans:- Pile foundation is adopted , when the soil bending capacity is less than 24kN/m³.

8. Standard height of each floor?

Ans:- 3m.

9. What is guniting ?

Ans:- It is a process in which mixture of cement and sand proportion of 1:3 is shooted on concrete surface with the help of gun pressure of 2 to 3 kg/cm².

10. What do you mean by segregation?

Ans:- Segregation is separation of cement sand form aggregates. This is caused due to improper w/c ratio and when concrete is poured from more than 1.5m ht.

11. Unit weight of concrete.

Ans:-    RCC - 25 KN/m³

             PCC - 24KN/m³

12. Compressive strength of brick

Ans:- First class brick- 105Kg/cm²

          Second class brick - 70Kg/cm²

          Fire brick                - 125Kg/cm².

13. Curing method

- Ponding method 

- Spraying 

- Sprinkling of water

- Steam curing 

- Membrane curing

- Curing chemicals 

- Wet covering of surface. 

14. Function of stirrups in beam?

Ans:- to resist shear force. 

15. Minimum grade of concrete used for RCC.

Ans:- M20

16. Shuttering removing time

Ans:- side of wall , column - 24 to 48 hr

          Outer side of beam     - 24 to 48 hr

          Slab                                - 3 days

          Beam soffits                   - 7 days.

17. What are the concrete test?

Ans:- 

- Slump test

- Compressive strength test 

- Water permeability test

- Water absorption test.

18. Volume of cement bag?

Ans:- 0.0347 m³ or 1.23 cft

19. Size of hook and angle 

Ans:- HOOK = 10×d 

          ANGLE = 135°

20. Expirey date of cement?

Ans:- 3 month 

21. Types of foundation 

Ans:- SHALLOW FOUNDATION 

          DEEP FOUNDATION .

22. Why foundation provided. 

Ans:- Foundation is provided in order to safety distribute the load of structure in soil.

23.Full form of 1BHK?

Ans:- 1 BED 1 HALL 1 KITCHEN .

24. What is the slope of staircase?

Ans:- As per IS 456 2000  (25 to 40°).

25. Compressive strength of brick 

Ans:- 75 N /mm². 

26. What is the Unit Weight of Steel, RCC and PCC?

Ans:- As per IS 456 - 2000, 

Unit Weight are

RCC = 25KN/m3

PCC = 24KN/m3

Steel 7850 KG/m

27. C. What is TMT Bar in Steel?

Ans:- TMT stands for Thermo Mechanically Treated. The TMT bars have a hard outer surface and a softer core. This bar has high strength and high corrosion resistance.

Here are few most important features of the TMT bars:

1. Bendability

2. Weldability

3. Fire resistant

4. Sturdy Build

5. Corrosion Resistant

6. High Dimension Tolerance.

There are many TMT Bar companies, such as:

1) TATA Tiscon

2) JSW Steel

3) Jindal Steel

4) Kamdhenu TMT.

28. What is the difference between Column and Strut?

Ans:-Column is a vertical member of frame structure.

It is the main structural member designed to take gravity loads, bending and shear.

It fails in compression and buckling.

Strut is a inclined member of Truss.

The main purpose of stress is to maintain the rigidity of structure and to take compressive forces.

29. As per IS 456: 2000,What is the minimum DIAMETER of bar and minimum NUMBER of bars used in reinforcement in RCC column?

Ans:- According to IS 456 : 2000,

the minimum DIAMETER of bar in RCC column shall not be less than 12 mm.

and

The minimum NUMBER of bar in square/rectangular column is 4 & in circular column is 6.

30. What are the function of column in building and how much % of Steel use in column?

Ans:- Column is a vertical member of a building which support structural load transferred by the whole structure through beams.

After the column transfers the load to the footing and finally footing transfers the load to land.

According to Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456 : 2000, minimum and maximum % of Steel in Column is 0.8% and 6% respectively.

BASIC KNOWLEDGE 

Father of cement :-

William Aspdin was an English cement manufacturer and Pioneer of the Portland cement industry. 

Types of cement in INDIA:-

- Portland Blast furnace slag cement 

- Sulphate Resisting Portland cement 

- Rapid hardening Portland cement 

- Ordinary portland cement 

- Pozolona Portland cement 

- Oil well cement 

- Clinkar cement 

- White cement 

ULTRATECH CEMENT - 1983@MUMBAI

AMBUJA CEMENT       - 1983@MUMBAI

SHREE CEMENT           - 1979@KOLKATA

ACC CEMENT                - 1936@MUMBAI 

BIRLA CEMENT            - 1996@MUMBAI 

DALMIA CEMENT        - 1936@DELHI 

RAMCO CEMENT          - 1975@CHENNAI

JK CEMENT                    - 1975@KANPUR

BUILDING COMPONENTS 

1 Foundation

2 Plinth

3 Supertructure

Foundation:-The foundation is the most critical part of any structure and most of the failures are probably due to faulty Sundations. 

It is highly essential to secure good foundation to maintain the stability of the structure. 

A good foundation must remain in position without sliding, bending, overturning or failing in any other manner.

Plinth:-This is the portion of the structure between the surface of the surrounding ground and the surface of the floor immediately above the ground. 

The thickness of the wall depends upon the weight of the superstrucure  and the width of the foundation concrete. 

The minimum height of the plinth is usually kept as not less than 4.5 cm.

Super structure:- primary function of the wall is to enclose or divide space.

Piers are usually in the form of a thickened sec tion of a wall, placed at intervals along the wall to take concentrated vertical loads or to provide lateral support to the wall. 

These walls may be built of different materials such as brick or store masonry, plain concrete and reinforced masonry

POPULAR PACKAGES USED IN 3D MODELLING:-

1 3DS Max (Autodesk).

2 AC3D (Inivis)

3 Aladdin-4D (DiscreetEX), 

4 Blender (Blender Foundation)

5 Cinema 4D (Maxon)

6 Electric Image Animation System (El Technology Group) 

7 form-Z (AutoDesSys, Inc.)

8 Houdini (Side Effects Software)

9 Hypershot

14 Inventor (Autodesk)

11. LightWave 3D (New Tek),

12 MASSIVE

13 Maa (Autodesk)

14 Modo (Luxology)

15. Silo (Nevercenter)

16. SketchUp Pro (Google)